Review+for+the+final+exam

1. Explain why organs are arranged into organ systems. 2. What are the functions of the following organs : - heart - skeleton - lungs 3. Describe how the digestive system does some of the opposite jobs to the excretory system. 4. State the differences between bacteria and other cells. 5. State the major functions of the following parts of a cell: - nucleus - membrane - cytoplasm 6. What are the functions of the following. - chloroplasts - the cell wall 7. Which are the main differences that may vary in different types of cells? 8. Where can you find in the human body, the ciliated epithelial cells? 9. Explain the function of: - red blood cells - white blood cells - nerve cells - muscle cells - palisade cells - root hair cells - xylem cells 10. Which substance is the one that moves by osmosis? 11. What happens to plant cells that loose water by osmosis? 12. Where does the energy come from for active transport? 13. Define active transport. 14. List the seven nutrient groups. 15. What are proteins made of? 16. Food is made from large molecules. - What do we have to do with them to be absorbed into the blood? - Why? 17. Why do enzymes stop working at high temperatures? 18. Name the main types of enzymes. 19. Give three ways that the surface area of the small intestine is increased. 20. Write the word equation for respiration. 21. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? 22. Explain briefly why we need to breath. 23. Describe how the structure of the lungs makes gas exchange quick and efficient. 24. How many chambers does the human heart have? Draw a diagram of a heart and label the chambers. 25. Explain what is meant by double circulation. 26. Which blood vessels carry blood to the heart? 27. Which blood vessels have very thin walls for escape of fluids? 28. What are the four functions of the skeleton? 29. The skull that protects the brain has joints. State two reasons why this is so. 30. Explain why muscles work in pairs. 31. What are stimuli? 32. How do the central and peripheral nervous system vary? 33. What are hormones? 34. What is meiosis? 35. Briefly outline the menstrual cycle. 36. What is variation? 37. What are genes? What is their main function? 38. What is an allele? 39. What is a pathogen? 40. What is an antibiotic? 41. How do micro-organisms make food go bad? 42. What is cloning? 43. Why is it unlikely that a person suffers with measles twice?

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